Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, et al. (2011). The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 96(1):53-58.
各年齡層的鈣與維他命 D 每日建議量、耐受上限,以及單次吸收上限的依據。
Camacho PM, Petak SM, Binkley N, et al. (2020). American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis - 2020 Update.
Endocrine Practice 26(Suppl 1):1-46.
骨鬆患者的維他命 D3 補充劑量與血清 25(OH)D 目標濃度。
Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ, et al. (2016). Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis Foundation.
Osteoporosis International 27(1):367-376.
鈣與維他命 D 併用可降低骨折風險,單獨補其一則證據不足。這篇後來發過勘誤,本文已註明。
Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. (2010). Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis.
BMJ 341:c3691.
「補鈣會增加心肌梗塞」這個疑慮的原始出處。
Bolland MJ, Grey A, Avenell A, Gamble GD, Reid IR. (2011). Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis.
BMJ 342:d2040.
上述疑慮的後續再分析,本文用它說明爭議的範圍與研究設計上的限制。
Krueger D, Tanner SB, Szalat A, et al. (2024). DXA Reporting Updates: 2023 Official Positions of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.
Journal of Clinical Densitometry 27(1):101437.
骨密度檢查的判讀與報告規則,是「補鈣不能取代檢查」那一段的依據。